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La grammaire générative a sorti de l'oubli des textes de W. von Humboldt, qui s'inscrivent dans le courant idéaliste de la grammaire philosophique du XVIIe siècle. L'auteur tente de montrer que si, dans l'ensemble de son œuvre, Wilhelm von Humboldt demeure pris entièrement dans une conception du langage comme traduction de la représentation du monde par le sujet pensant, sa vaste culture linguistique l'a néanmoins porté jusqu'aux frontières du « logocentrisme », notamment lorsqu'il s'interroge sur le type de grammaire qui pourrait rendre compte de certaines langues comme le chinois. Il semble alors douter de l'universalité des schèmes occidentaux, ce qui provoquerait une certaine fêlure dans l'idéalisme de sa philosophie du langage.

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